Alien Registration- Hill, Harold (Baileyville, Washington County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/1106/thumbnail.jp

Effects of lighting on the perception of facial surfaces

The problem of variable illumination for object constancy has been largely neglected by "edge-based" theories of object recognition. However, there is evidence that edge-based schemes may not be sufficient for face processing and that shading information may be necessary (Bruce. 1988). Changes in lighting affect the pattern of shading on any three-dimensional object and the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of lighting on tasks involving face perception. Effects of lighting are first reported on the perception of the hollow face illusion (Gregory, 1973). The impression of a convex face was found to be stronger when light appeared to be from above, consistent with the importance of shape-from- shading which is thought to incorporate a light-from-above assumption. There was an independent main effect of orientation with the illusion stronger when the face was upright. This confirmed that object knowledge was important in generating the illusion, a conclusion which was confirmed by comparison with a "hollow potato" illusion. There was an effect of light on the inverted face suggesting that the direction of light may generally affect the interpretation of surfaces as convex or concave. It was also argued that there appears to be a general preference for convex interpretations of patterns of shading. The illusion was also found to be stronger when viewed monocularly and this effect was also independent of orientation. This was consistent with the processing of shape information by independent modules with object knowledge acting as a further constraint on the final interpretation. Effects of lighting were next reported on the recognition of shaded representations of facial surfaces, with top lighting facilitating processing. The adverse effects of bottom lighting on the interpretation of facial shape appear to affect within category as well as between category discriminations. Photographic negation was also found to affect recognition performance and it was suggested that its effects may be complimentary to those of bottom lighting in some respects. These effects were reported to be dependent on view. The last set of experiments investigated the effects of lighting and view on a simultaneous face matching task using the same surface representations which required subjects to decide if two images were of the same or different people. Subjects were found to be as much affected by a change in lighting as a change in view, which seems inconsistent with edge-based accounts. Top lighting was also found to facilitate matches across changes in view. When the stimuli were inverted matches across changes in both view and light were poorer, although image differences were the same. In other experiments subjects were found to match better across changes between two directions of top lighting than between directions of bottom lighting, although the extent of the changes were the same, suggesting the importance of top lighting for lighting as well as view invariance. Inverting the stimuli, which also inverts the lighting relative to the observer, disrupted matching across directions of top lighting but facilitated matching between levels of bottom lighting, consistent with the use of shading information. Changes in size were not found to affect matching showing that the effect of lighting was not only because it changes image properties. The effect of lighting was also found to transfer to digitised photographs showing that it was not an artifact of the materials. Lastly effects of lighting were reported when images were presented sequentially showing that the effect was not an artifact of simultaneous presentation. In the final section the effects reported were considered within the framework of theories of object recognition and argued to be inconsistent with invariant features, edge-based or alignment approaches. An alternative scheme employing surface-based primitives derived from shape-from-shuding was developed to account for the pattern of effects and contrasted with an image-based accoun

New Hampshire school board members and the elementary schools

Thesis(Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Crying in Psychotherapy: The Perspective of Therapists and Clients

Eighteen U.S.-based doctoral students in counseling or clinical psychology were interviewed by phone regarding experiences of crying in therapy. Specifically, they described crying as therapists with their clients, as clients with their therapists, and experiences when their therapists cried in the participants’ therapy. Data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. When crying with their clients, therapists expressed concern about the appropriateness/impact of crying, cried only briefly and because they felt an empathic connection with their clients, thought that the crying strengthened the relationship, discussed the event with their supervisor, and wished they had discussed the event more fully with clients. Crying as clients was triggered by discussing distressing personal events, was accompanied by a mixture of emotions regarding the tears, consisted of substantial crying to express pain or sadness, and led to multiple benefits (enhanced therapy relationship, deeper therapy, and insight). When their therapists cried, the crying was brief, was triggered by discussions of termination, arose from therapists’ empathic connection with participants, and strengthened the therapy relationship. Implications for research, training, and practice are presented

Recognizing prosody from the lips: is it possible to extract prosodic focus from lip features?

International audienceThe aim of this chapter is to examine the possibility of extracting prosodic information from lip features. We used two measurement techniques enabling automatic lip feature extraction to evaluate the "lip pattern" of prosodic focus in French. Two corpora with Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentences were designed. Four focus conditions (S, V, O or neutral) were elicited in a natural dialogue situation. In a first set of experiments, we recorded two speakers of French with front and profile video cameras. The speakers wore blue make-up and facial markers. In a second set we recorded five speakers with a 3D optical tracker. An analysis of the lip features showed that visible articulatory lip correlates of focus exist for all speakers. Two types of patterns were observed: absolute and differential. A potential outcome of this study is to provide criteria for automatic visual detection of prosodic focus from lip data

Complexities of face perception and categorisation

We amplify possible complications to the tidy division between early vision and later categorisation which arise when we consider the perception of human faces. Although a primitive face-detecting system, used for social attention, may indeed be integral to “early vision,” the relationship between this and diverse other uses made of information from faces is far from clear

Lewis icing research tunnel test of the aerodynamic effects of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing fluids

A wind tunnel investigation of the effect of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing fluids on the aerodynamic characteristics of a Boeing 737-200ADV airplane was conducted. The test was carried out in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Fluids tested include a Newtonian deicing fluid, three non-Newtonian anti-icing fluids commercially available during or before 1988, and eight new experimental non-Newtonian fluids developed by four fluid manufacturers. The results show that fluids remain on the wind after liftoff and cause a measurable lift loss and drag increase. These effects are dependent on the high-lift configuration and on the temperature. For a configuration with a high-lift leading-edge device, the fluid effect is largest at the maximum lift condition. The fluid aerodynamic effects are related to the magnitude of the fluid surface roughness, particularly in the first 30 percent chord. The experimental fluids show a significant reduction in aerodynamic effects

Fire waste and its prevention by better methods of building construction

Thesis (MS)--University of Illinois, 1911Typescrip